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| 【本会注释】 1 雅各叫他的儿子们来祝福他们。 3 对他们各自的祝福。 29 他嘱咐他们有关他安葬的事宜。 33 他气绝而死。 | ||||
雅各的祝福 | ||||
| 1 |
【和合本】雅各叫了他的儿子们来,说:“你们都来聚集,我好把你们日后必遇的事告诉你们。
【吕振中】雅各把他的儿子们叫来,说∶“你们要聚集拢来,我好把你们日后所要遇见的事告诉你们; 【思高本】雅各伯叫了他的儿子们来说:“你们聚在一起,我要将你们日后所遇到的事告诉你们。 【现代本】雅各召集他儿子们到他跟前来,对他们说:“你们一起来,我要把你们将来要遇到的事告诉你们: 【KJV】And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days. 【NIV】Then Jacob called for his sons and said: "Gather around so I can tell you what will happen to you in days to come. 【BBE】And Jacob sent for his sons, and said, Come together, all of you, so that I may give you news of your fate in future times. 【ASV】And Jacob called unto his sons, and said: gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the latter days. 【本会注释】 雅各叫了他的儿子们来。雅各现在向他的十二个儿子显示了他属灵的遗赠物。他庄重地劝戒他们听他将要说的事情。正如以撒依靠上帝的预见在他的祝福中(创27)预言性地向雅各和以扫指明了他们家族未来的历史一样,雅各勾画出以十二个儿子为代表的整个民族的未来。虽然他儿子的品格构成了他对他们所说之预言的出发点,但上帝的灵却向这位临终的先祖启示了其后裔未来的历史,以至于他从他儿子的品格中看出那些从他们相传下来之支派未来的发展趋势。对每个支派他都以准确无误的预见指派了其在本民族中的地位和重要性。 日后。直译为:“在日子的末了”。这不是指世界历史的末了,如在其他一些预言性的言辞中所指的那样,也不仅仅是指作为犹太历史之终结的弥赛亚时代。此词在这里仅指“将来”。 | |||
| 2 |
【和合本】雅各的儿子们,你们要聚集而听,要听你们父亲以色列的话。
【吕振中】雅各的儿子们,你们要集合来听,听你们父亲以色列的话。 【思高本】雅各伯的儿子!你们集合静听,静听你们父亲以色列的话: 【现代本】雅各的儿子们哪,要一起来,要听!要留心听你们父亲以色列的话。 【KJV】Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob; and hearken unto Israel your father. 【NIV】Assemble and listen, sons of Jacob; listen to your father Israel. 【BBE】Come near, O sons of Jacob, and give ear to the words of Israel your father. 【ASV】Assemble yourselves, and hear, ye sons of Jacob; And hearken unto Israel your father. | |||
| 3 |
【和合本】流便哪,你是我的长子,是我力量强壮的时候生的,本当大有尊荣,权力超众。
【吕振中】如便哪,你是我的长子,我强壮时的初生子;我的精力,崇高(或译∶高傲)超越,权力(或译∶愤怒)超越; 【思高本】勒乌本,你是我的长子,我的力量,我壮年的首生;你过于暴燥,过于激烈, 【现代本】我的长子流便哪,你是我的精力;你是我成人后生的第一个儿子,是我最强壮、最值得骄傲的儿子。 【KJV】Reuben, thou art my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power: 【NIV】Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, the first sign of my strength, excelling in honor, excelling in power. 【BBE】Reuben, you are my oldest son, the first-fruit of my strength, first in pride and first in power: 【ASV】Reuben, thou art my first-born, my might, and the beginning of my strength; The pre-eminence of dignity, and the pre-eminence of power. 【本会注释】 流便。雅各对他的长子发出他第一个预言,并象后面所有的话语一样以诗歌的形式表达了出来。希伯来诗歌是由一种对思想而不是对声音和音节有韵律的重复组成的。按照诗歌的格式安排,对流便的祝福将读作: 流便, 我的长子你,我的力量, 我力量之初熟的果子; 在尊荣上超群, 在权力上超群。 滚沸如水,你必不得居首位, 因为你上了你父亲的床, 然后你污秽了(他所上的)我的榻。 | |||
| 4 |
【和合本】但你放纵情欲,滚沸如水,必不得居首位;因为你上了你父亲的床,污秽了我的榻。
【吕振中】但是沸腾横溢如水,你必不能得超越,因为你上了你父亲的床,就给沾污了∶我的铺盖你上去了。 【思高本】沸腾有如滚水。你不能占据首位,因为你侵犯了你父亲的床第,上去玷污了我的卧榻。 【现代本】你像洪水泛滥,控制不了;你跟父亲的妾同,污辱了你父亲的榻;所以你不能居首位。 【KJV】Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel; because thou wentest up to thy father's bed; then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch. 【NIV】Turbulent as the waters, you will no longer excel, for you went up onto your father's bed, onto my couch and defiled it. 【BBE】But because you were uncontrolled, the first place will not be yours; for you went up to your father's bed, even his bride-bed, and made it unclean. 【ASV】Boiling over as water, thou shalt not have the pre-eminence; Because thou wentest up to thy father's bed; Then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch. 【本会注释】 滚沸如水。流便被赋予一个三重的称谓:(1) 他在家中作为雅各之长子的地位,(2) 他作为雅各的能力及其力量之开始而与他所有的关系,(3) 作为老大所自然属于他的优先权。尽管如此,流便作为雅各之长子所通常具有的优势因其品格的缺点而被剥夺了。英文中被译为“不稳定的”一词直译为水的“滚沸”,喻指屈从于个人的情感。同一词根的另一种形式被用在士9:4和番3:4中指轻薄和骄傲。雅各如此形容了流便之品格的道德败坏。他因此而丧失了作为一个长子所应有的特权。虽然具体说来,他的罪就是他与其父亲的妾辟拉所行的乱伦之举(创35:22),但他后来的历史证明了其品格根本性的不稳定。这一根本的弱点使他失去了成为一个领袖的资格,因为领导能力常常需要坚定与果断。当雅各记起这一令人发指的的行为并在他的预言中提到时,他义愤填膺地转过脸去,并在他重复这一思想时将人称从直接的称谓转为了第三人称(译者注:中文圣经中没有这句话“他上了我的榻”)。 必不得居首位。因着长子权利的撤消,流便失去了作为以色列人之领袖的资格。他的支派从未在民中获得有影响力的地位(见申33:6)。从流便的后代中没有兴起过一个重大的人物──没有士师、没有君王、没有先知。作领袖的资格被转移给了犹大,双份的产业给了约瑟(代上5:1,2)。 | |||
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【和合本】西缅和利未是弟兄;他们的刀剑是残忍的器具。
【吕振中】西缅和利未是弟兄;他们的刀剑是强暴之器械。 【思高本】西默盎和肋未实是一对兄弟;他们的刀剑是残暴的武器。 【现代本】西缅和利未难兄难弟;他们同谋以刀剑行凶。 【KJV】Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habitations. 【NIV】Simeon and Levi are brothers- their swords are weapons of violence. 【BBE】Simeon and Levi are brothers; deceit and force are their secret designs. 【ASV】Simeon and Levi are brethren; Weapons of violence are their swords. 【本会注释】 西缅和利未。他们不仅从血缘上说是亲兄弟,而且在他们的思想和行为上说也是亲兄弟(见创34:25)。 他们的刀剑。英文中被译为“居所”一词的原文含义不明。对这一希伯来词的其他译法是“图谋”、“结合”、“愤怒”、“刀剑”。不论如何,雅各心中所想的显然是他们阴谋屠杀示剑人的放肆之举(创34:25-29),一个雅各永远也不能认可的罪行。 | |||
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【和合本】我的灵啊,不要与他们同谋;我的心哪,不要与他们联络;因为他们趁怒杀害人命,任意砍断牛腿大筋。
【吕振中】我的心哪,不要进入他们的议会;我的肝肠(或译∶荣耀)阿,不要参加他们的集团;因为他们气忿忿地杀人,任意砍断牛腿大筋; 【思高本】我的心灵决不加入他们的阴谋,我的心神决不参与他们的聚会;因为他们在盛怒下屠杀了人,任意割断了牛的腿筋。 【现代本】我不参与他们的阴谋,不跟他们同伙;因为他们在烈怒中杀人,任意砍断牛的腿筋。 【KJV】O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their selfwill they digged down a wall. 【NIV】Let me not enter their council, let me not join their assembly, for they have killed men in their anger and hamstrung oxen as they pleased. 【BBE】Take no part in their secrets, O my soul; keep far away, O my heart, from their meetings; for in their wrath they put men to death, and for their pleasure even oxen were wounded. 【ASV】O my soul, come not thou into their council; Unto their assembly, my glory, be not thou united; For in their anger they slew a man, And in their self-will they hocked an ox. 【本会注释】 他们趁怒杀害人命。这里所使用的单数的“人”乃是复数的“人”的一种统称。单数形式在整个希伯来文旧约圣经中被不加区分地用来指单数和复数的事物。 砍断牛腿大筋。直译为:“砍断牛腿大筋”(译者注:英文中译为“挖倒一堵墙”)。单数的“牛”代表了几乎从未被用过的复数形式的“牛”,此词的复数形式在圣经中仅出现过一次(何12:11)。此词与对偶首句中的“人”相对应。砍断腿大筋意味着砍断一个动物的后腿腱从而使之成为瘸子(见书11:6,9;撒下8:4)。在创34:28节中,那里只提到说示剑人的牛群被夺了去,而没有说它们被弄瘸。但由于雅各的儿子更在意的是报仇而不是战利品,所以他们很可能也使一些牲畜成为残废。雅各只提到了前一项作为,因为这最能表现他们的残忍。这一特征使他们失去了作领袖的资格。 | |||
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【和合本】他们的怒气暴烈可咒;他们的忿恨残忍可诅。我要使他们分居在雅各家里,散住在以色列地中。
【吕振中】他们的忿怒可咒诅,因为很猛烈;他们的暴怒可咒诅,因为很严厉∶我必使他们分居于雅各家;使他们散住在以色列。 【思高本】他们的忿怒这样激烈,他们的狂暴这样凶狠,实可诅咒!我要使他们分散在雅各伯内,使他们散居在以色列中。 【现代本】他们暴躁忿怒,该受咒诅;他们狂暴残忍,该受惩罚。我要使他们分散在以色列全境;我要使他们散居以色列人当中。 【KJV】Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. 【NIV】Cursed be their anger, so fierce, and their fury, so cruel! I will scatter them in Jacob and disperse them in Israel. 【BBE】A curse on their passion for it was bitter; and on their wrath for it was cruel. I will let their heritage in Jacob be broken up, driving them from their places in Israel. 【ASV】Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; And their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, And scatter them in Israel. 【本会注释】 我要使他们分居。由于这些兄弟曾合伙犯此罪行,所以他们的后代将在迦南被分开或散居。他们将不能组成独立的支派。这一预言的应验在以色列人回迦南的时候被实现了。当摩西第二次数点以色列民时,西缅成了所有支派中最弱小的支派(民26:14),而且在摩西的祝福中,西缅被完全地忽略过去了。这个支派没有得到领土的独立分派作为其产业,而只有在犹大境内的一些城市(书19:1-19)。由于西缅的家族总体说来几乎没怎么增长(代上4:27),所以他们大多数的人都最终被犹大支派所同化了。其他的人分两批迁移到了应许之地境外的地区(代上4:38-43)。 利未没有获得领土作为产业,而是获得了分散在其他支派领地之中的48个城(书21:1-42)。但借着该支派被选作为祭司,利未在以色列中的分散变成了一种对众人的赐福。虽然雅各从流便那里收回了长子的名分,并对西缅和利未的罪行发出了诅咒,但他并没有否认其中的任何一个人作为他的儿子。利未后来的历史证明了一个诅咒如何可以既被应验,而又成为对所有有关之人的赐福。在西乃,利未的后代在其他所有的人都犯罪堕落的时候独自坚持了正义(出32:26),因此作为一个支派被授予宗教的领导地位。虽然雅各所说他们得不到任何产业的诅咒并未被更改,但其应验却给他们和他们的兄弟们带来了福气(民18:20)。 | |||
| 8 |
【和合本】犹大啊,你弟兄们必赞美你;你手必掐住仇敌的颈项;你父亲的儿子们必向你下拜。
【吕振中】犹大阿,你弟兄们必称赞你;你的手必掐住你仇敌的脖子;你父亲的儿子们必向你下拜。 【思高本】犹大!你将受你兄弟的赞扬;你的手必压在你仇敌的颈上;你父亲的儿子要向你俯首致敬。 【现代本】犹大呀,你的兄弟们要称赞你。你要掐住敌人的脖子;你的兄弟们要在你面前下拜。 【KJV】Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee. 【NIV】Judah, your brothers will praise you; your hand will be on the neck of your enemies; your father's sons will bow down to you. 【BBE】To you, Judah, will your brothers give praise: your hand will be on the neck of your haters; your father's sons will go down to the earth before you. 【ASV】Judah, thee shall thy brethren praise: Thy hand shall be on the neck of thine enemies; Thy father's sons shall bow down before thee. 【本会注释】 犹大。雅各的第四个儿子是第一个获得丰富而无限之祝福的,一个被授予最高地位和权柄的人。雅各虽然没有明说,但实际上犹大已获得了长子的领导权,就是流便因情感的不稳定,以及西缅和利未因他们的残忍而失去的特权。 你弟兄们必赞美你。根据创29:35节的记载,犹大这个名字的意思就是“赞美”。借着东方人所特别爱用的双关语,雅各保证了犹大将获得他兄弟们对他的赞美。犹大曾表现出一种高尚的品格。即使是在约瑟的兄弟们图谋杀害他的黑暗时刻,犹大还提出了一个拯救约瑟性命的方案(创37:26,27)。其品格的优秀在他为便雅悯的性命而将自己的性命作抵押的事上,以及当他替便雅悯向约瑟求情为要救他脱离奴役时得到了进一步的表现(创43:9,10;44:16-34)。甚至更早先时,其品格也在他对他玛的行为上得到了充分的表现(创38:26),虽然最初他似乎曾是一个相当轻率鲁莽的人(见对创38:7-26节的注释)。他借着坚决地战胜各种天生的倾向而获得的自身品格的力量在以其名命名之支派的男性中反映了出来。 你父亲的儿子们。预言了犹大将使他的敌人逃跑并辖制他们之后,雅各接着断言说犹大的兄弟们也要向他下拜。值得注意的是不仅是其母亲所生的儿子们,即从利亚衍生出来的各支派,要这样做(见创27:29;士8:19),而且所有“他父亲的儿子们”或以色列的所有支派都要这样做。这在大卫成为全以色列的王时得到了应验(撒下5:1,2)。 | |||
| 9 |
【和合本】犹大是个小狮子;我儿啊,你抓了食便上去。你屈下身去,卧如公狮,蹲如母狮,谁敢惹你?
【吕振中】犹大是个小狮子;‘我儿阿,你抓了所抓到的便上山穴去(或译∶而长大起来);’他屈身伏着像公狮、像母狮,谁敢惹他呢? 【思高本】犹大是只幼狮;我儿,你猎取食物后上来,屈身伏卧,有如雄狮,又如母狮,谁敢惊动? 【现代本】犹大像少壮的狮子,扑取猎物,回到洞穴;它伸直身子躺卧,谁都不敢惊动它! 【KJV】Judah is a lion's whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up? 【NIV】You are a lion's cub, O Judah; you return from the prey, my son. Like a lion he crouches and lies down, like a lioness-who dares to rouse him? 【BBE】Judah is a young lion; like a lion full of meat you have become great, my son; now he takes his rest like a lion stretched out and like an old lion; by whom will his sleep be broken? 【ASV】Judah is a lion's whelp; From the prey, my son, thou art gone up: He stooped down, he couched as a lion, And as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? 【本会注释】 犹大是个小狮子。借着一种大胆的比喻,犹大被比作一只小狮子,逐渐长大,满有一只老狮子的力量和凶猛(见启5:5)。在丛林中漫游寻找猎物,当他吞食了战利品之后,他便返回其山间的兽穴中去。他在那里大胆地躺卧着,在宁静的威严之中,静默地向任何想要搅扰他的动物发起挑衅。许多注释家将译为“老狮子”的希伯来词理解为“母狮子”,并从中看出一层更深的含义。但labi'一词的意思只是“狮子”,此词是在同一节经文中被两次使用的`aryeh,“狮子”的一个常见的同义词。 | |||
| 10 |
【和合本】圭必不离犹大,杖必不离他两脚之间,直等细罗(就是赐平安者)来到,万民都必归顺。
【吕振中】权柄之杖必不离开犹大,指挥之棍必不离开他两腿(或译∶大旗)之间,直到属他的那位来到(或译∶直等国度属他的那一位来到),万族之民都归顺他。 【思高本】权杖不离犹大,柄杖不离他脚间,直到那应得权杖者来到,万民都要归顺他。 【现代本】犹大要始终掌握王权;他的后代要长久统治。万国要向他进贡;万民要向他跪拜。 【KJV】The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. 【NIV】The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs and the obedience of the nations is his. 【BBE】The rod of authority will not be taken from Judah, and he will not be without a law-giver, till he comes who has the right to it, and the peoples will put themselves under his rule. 【ASV】The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, Nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, Until Shiloh come: And unto him shall the obedience of the peoples be. 【本会注释】 圭。圭是王权的一种象征。在其最早期的形式中,圭是国王在向公众讲话时握在手中的一根长长的杖,但当他坐在宝座上时,此圭被放在其两膝之间。这样的圭在许多古埃及的浮雕中都有。犹大将持续作为各支派的首领直到弥赛亚来的时候。 直等细罗来到。将细罗解释为一个地名或理解为“安息”都不能使人信服。但大多数的注释家相信细罗应是一个人名,并且认同所指的人物就是弥赛亚。很久以前就被犹太教和基督教的学者们所表述的这种观点是正确的(见《历》第52页)。至于细罗一词的具体意义,译经家们却无法达成共识。此词被解释为“子孙”、“被差遣者”、“他,[国度之圭]的归属者”、以及“赐安息者”。细罗一词的最后一种解释,即“赐安息者”,被大多数的注释家所接受,并被怀爱伦所赞同(《历》第52页)。因此,细罗就是弥赛亚。在雅各的预言中,他将接管犹大作为以色列首领的君权,而且各族的人都要聚集到他那里。 | |||
| 11 |
【和合本】犹大把小驴拴在葡萄树上,把驴驹拴在美好的葡萄树上。他在葡萄酒中洗了衣服,在葡萄汁中洗了袍褂。
【吕振中】犹大把驴驹拴在葡萄树旁,把母驴的崽子拴在上好的葡萄树旁;他在酒中洗净服装,在血红葡萄汁中洗了袍褂∶ 【思高本】他将自己的驴系在葡萄树上,将自己的驴驹拴在优美的葡萄树上;在酒中洗自己的衣服,在葡萄汁中洗自己的外氅。 【现代本】他把小驴拴在葡萄树,拴在最好的葡萄树上。他在血红的酒池洗涤衣服。 【KJV】Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes: 【NIV】He will tether his donkey to a vine, his colt to the choicest branch; he will wash his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes. 【BBE】Knotting his ass's cord to the vine, and his young ass to the best vine; washing his robe in wine, and his clothing in the blood of grapes: 【ASV】Binding his foal unto the vine, And his ass's colt unto the choice vine; He hath washed his garments in wine, And his vesture in the blood of grapes: 【本会注释】 把小驴栓在……上。对于弥赛亚骑驴的预言在耶稣凯旋地进入耶路撒冷的时候应验了(太21:7)。这标志着他是一位和平的预告者和一位贵人,因为驴不是为了打仗用的而是作为上级人物的坐骑(士1:14;10:4;12:14)。犹大的葡萄树将强壮得可以将驴栓在其上,果实多得可以用其汁液洗一个人的衣裳。犹大的酒和奶将是如此的令人喜欢和精力充沛,以至于可以使眼睛发光,使牙齿洁白。这当然是对犹大之兴盛的高度比喻性的描绘。 | |||
| 12 |
【和合本】他的眼睛必因酒红润;他的牙齿必因奶白亮。
【吕振中】他的眼睛必因酒而发昏,他的牙齿必因奶子而白亮。 【思高本】他的双眼因酒而发红,他的牙齿因乳而变白。 【现代本】他因饮酒而双眼发红;他因喝奶而牙齿雪白。 【KJV】His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk. 【NIV】His eyes will be darker than wine, his teeth whiter than milk. 【BBE】His eyes will be dark with wine, and his teeth white with milk. 【ASV】His eyes shall be red with wine, And his teeth white with milk. | |||
| 13 |
【和合本】西布伦必住在海口,必成为停船的海口;他的境界必延到西顿。
【吕振中】西布伦必在海地带居住,他必成为停船之地带,他的极边必延到西顿。 【思高本】则步隆将居于海滨,成为船只停泊的口岸,与漆冬毗连。 【现代本】西布伦要住在海边。他将成为船只停泊的港口;他的领土伸延到西顿。 【KJV】Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon. 【NIV】Zebulun will live by the seashore and become a haven for ships; his border will extend toward Sidon. 【BBE】The resting-place of Zebulun will be by the sea, and he will be a harbour for ships; the edge of his land will be by Zidon. 【ASV】Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; And he shall be for a haven of ships; And his border shall be upon Sidon. 【本会注释】 西布伦。在约书亚的统治之下分给西布伦支派的土地可以从书19:10-16节中提到的边界和城镇而确定。当时,其领地既没有达到地中海也没有直接与西顿相连。其领地位于加利利海和地中海之间,靠近这两个海,但却被拿弗他利与加利利海隔开,被亚设与地中海隔开了。但这一预言后来可能得到了应验。虽然圣经对这一预言的应验与否保持了沉默,但雅各所有可以被核对的预言性话语的准确应验排除了这一预言尚未应验的可能性。 | |||
| 14 |
【和合本】以萨迦是个强壮的驴,卧在羊圈之中。
【吕振中】以萨迦是骨格粗大之驴,躺在羊圈之间; 【思高本】依撒加尔是匹壮驴,卧在圈中; 【现代本】以萨迦像粗壮的驴,蹲伏在羊圈之间。 【KJV】Issachar is a strong ass couching down between two burdens: 【NIV】Issachar is a rawboned donkey lying down between two saddlebags. 【BBE】Issachar is a strong ass stretched out among the flocks: 【ASV】Issachar is a strong ass, Couching down between the sheepfolds: 【本会注释】 以萨迦。以萨迦被比作一头多骨而强壮的驴,特别适合用来驮重物。这指明该支派将满足于其自身的物质财富,专注于农业耕种,而不愿争夺政治权力。这也暗示着以萨迦的后代将成为力气大的人并将获得一份令人满意的产业。这应验在将南加利利分派给该支派的事上,这里包括了迷人而肥沃的耶斯列高地。该支派虽然在士师时代曾与西布伦一起因英勇而获得声望(士5:14,15,18),但不论国家遭遇了什么事情,它总是满足于其命运。人们很少看到该支派勇敢地冲到最前线并为受到威胁的权利或自由而战斗。这可能就是以萨迦虽然不是利亚最小的儿子但却在众子中最后一个被提到的原因。 | |||
| 15 |
【和合本】他以安静为佳,以肥地为美,便低肩背重,成为服苦的仆人。
【吕振中】他看安居为美好,以土地为可喜悦,便屈肩背重,成了苦工奴隶。 【思高本】他觉得安居美好,地方优雅;便屈肩负重,成为服役的奴隶。 【现代本】他喜欢安定的地方,爱好肥美的土地。他屈肩负重,被奴役,做苦工。 【KJV】And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant; and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute. 【NIV】When he sees how good is his resting place and how pleasant is his land, he will bend his shoulder to the burden and submit to forced labor. 【BBE】And he saw that rest was good and the land was pleasing; so he let them put weights on his back and became a servant. 【ASV】And he saw a resting-place that it was good, And the land that it was pleasant; And he bowed his shoulder to bear, And became a servant under taskwork. | |||
| 16 |
【和合本】但必判断他的民,作以色列支派之一。
【吕振中】但必为他人民伸权利、做以色列一个族派。 【思高本】丹将如以色列的一个支派,卫护自己的人民。 【现代本】但要统治自己的子民,像以色列其它支族。 【KJV】Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. 【NIV】Dan will provide justice for his people as one of the tribes of Israel. 【BBE】Dan will be the judge of his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. 【ASV】Dan shall judge his people, As one of the tribes of Israel. 【本会注释】 但。借着对拉结的使女辟拉的长子名字的双关语,他被描述为将在未来的以色列国中担任一个重要的地位并实施重要职责的人物。这特别在士师时代的后期得到了应验,但支派的参孙作以色列的士师长达二十年(见士13:2)。 道上的蛇。这句话描述了该支派的特征。这表现在一部分但支派的人到迦南北部拉亿城的远征(见士18),也显明在参孙以蛇一般的狡猾推翻了其最强大之仇敌的冒险经历中。由于但支派似乎是第一个将偶像崇拜引进以色列的支派(士18),并且由于其品格使其中的任何人都不配承受天上的迦南,所以在《启示录》第7章的十二个支派中只有但的名字被删除了。 | |||
| 17 |
【和合本】但必作道上的蛇,路中的虺,咬伤马蹄,使骑马的坠落于后。
【吕振中】但必做道路上的蛇,路径上的角蛇,咬伤马的脚后跟,以致骑马的向后坠落。 【思高本】丹必似路边的长,道旁的毒蛇,咬伤马蹄,使骑士向后跌下。 【现代本】但要像路旁的蛇,小径边的毒蛇;它咬伤马蹄,使骑士往后坠地。 【KJV】Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. 【NIV】Dan will be a serpent by the roadside, a viper along the path, that bites the horse's heels so that its rider tumbles backward. 【BBE】May Dan be a snake in the way, a horned snake by the road, biting the horse's foot so that the horseman has a fall. 【ASV】Dan shall be a serpent in the way, An adder in the path, That biteth the horse's heels, So that his rider falleth backward. | |||
| 18 |
【和合本】耶和华啊,我向来等候你的救恩。
【吕振中】永恒主阿,我向来切候着你的拯救。 【思高本】上主!我期待你的救援! 【现代本】上主啊,我等候你的拯救! 【KJV】I have waited for thy salvation, O LORD. 【NIV】I look for your deliverance, O Lord . 【BBE】I have been waiting for your salvation, O Lord. 【ASV】I have waited for thy salvation, O Jehovah. 【本会注释】 我向来等候。这个祈祷不仅是雅各为自己的利益而说的,而且表达了他相信他的后代也将获得上帝的帮助,就象他在自己的人生中所获得的一样。观察这位临终的先祖在其人生的这一最后紧要关头的表现是非常有趣的。尽管其大多数的话语似乎都是借着默示而说出来的,但这一祈祷显然表达了他自己自然的情感。一种从压力中突然的解脱或一种突如其来的事故可以显示一个人灵性所达到的水平。从一个人的口中会说出诅咒的话语,从另一个人的口中会说出空洞而无意义的话语,还有一个人的口中会发出祈祷的话语。以不经意之时所说出来的话来审判一个人常常是不公正的,但雅各却连这样的考验都经受住了。大骗子的年日早已过去了;他现在已被列入上帝选民的行列当中了。 | |||
| 19 |
【和合本】迦得必被敌军追逼,他却要追逼他们的脚跟。
【吕振中】论迦得,一群追逼者必追逼他,但他必追逼他们的脚跟。 【思高本】加得要受袭击者袭击,但他要袭击他们的后队。 【现代本】迦得将被强盗袭击;他却要转身追赶他们。 【KJV】Gad, a troop shall overcome him: but he shall overcome at the last. 【NIV】Gad will be attacked by a band of raiders, but he will attack them at their heels. 【BBE】Gad, an army will come against him, but he will come down on them in their flight. 【ASV】Gad, a troop shall press upon him; But he shall press upon their heel. 【本会注释】 迦得。在这句赋有诗意的章节中出现了来源于同一词根的两个词,在中文里被译为“敌军”和“追逼”。这句话可以被更好地译为:“敌军要敌他,他却要敌脚跟”。这句话似乎是指迦得支派必须以耐心忍受的攻击,并且他们最终将成功地逐退这些攻击。虽然十二个支派为人所知的历史没有提供一个对此预言具体的应验,但代上5:18-22节中所给予的记载显示了迦得人不论哪里有需要,他们都表现出了那借着他们的祖先应许给他们的英勇。投奔大卫的迦得人被形容为狮子,他们奔跑的迅速被比作象瞪羚一般(代上12:8-15),这些比较证明他们是一个勇敢的支派。 | |||
| 20 |
【和合本】亚设之地必出肥美的粮食,且出君王的美味。
【吕振中】论亚设,他的食物必定肥甘;他必豫备出君王爽口之物。 【思高本】阿协尔的食物肥美,将供给君王的佳肴。 【现代本】亚设的土地是丰富的粮仓;他有美食可供奉君王。 【KJV】Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal dainties. 【NIV】Asher's food will be rich; he will provide delicacies fit for a king. 【BBE】Asher's bread is fat; he gives delicate food for kings. 【ASV】Out of the Asher his bread shall be fat, And he shall yield royal dainties. 【本会注释】 亚设。这是指那将成为亚设居住之地的富饶土地。为了应验这一预言,亚设获得了地中海沿岸的迦密低地,一直到推罗的领地。这是迦南最肥沃的地区之一,盛产小麦和油,这些出产被所罗门用来供给希兰王的家眷(王上5:11)。 | |||
| 21 |
【和合本】拿弗他利是被释放的母鹿;他出嘉美的言语。
【吕振中】拿弗他利是枝干伸展的笃耨香树,他伸出美丽的树顶(或译∶得释放的母鹿;他出嘉美的话)。 【思高本】纳斐塔里是只被释放的母鹿,发出悦耳的歌咏。 【现代本】拿弗他利是奔放的母鹿,它生下可爱的小鹿(或译:拿弗他利像茂盛的树;它伸展可爱的树枝)。 【KJV】Naphtali is a hind let loose: he giveth goodly words. 【NIV】Naphtali is a doe set free that bears beautiful fawns. 【BBE】Naphtali is a roe let loose, giving fair young ones. 【ASV】Naphtali is a hind let loose: He giveth goodly words. 【本会注释】 拿弗他利。这句话的含义和所暗指的意思不明。人们对拿弗他利支派的历史所知甚少。该支派与西布伦联合在巴拉的领导下极大地打败了迦南王耶宾。女先知底波拉在她的赞歌中纪念了这一巨大的胜利(见士4,5)。 他出嘉美的言语。尽管没有任何关于拿弗他利支派中这种活动的历史记录得以幸存,但这一定是暗指在此北方支派中所表现出来的口才与诗歌的恩赐。 | |||
| 22 |
【和合本】约瑟是多结果子的树枝,是泉旁多结果的枝子;他的枝条探出墙外。
【吕振中】约瑟是母牛的崽子,在水泉旁的母牛崽子;他的女儿踏步在书珥旷野。(或译∶约瑟是多结果子的枝子,是水泉旁多结果子的枝子;他的枝条探出墙外) 【思高本】若瑟是一株茂盛的果树,一株泉旁茂盛的果树;枝条蔓延墙头。 【现代本】约瑟像泉水旁的野驴,像山冈上的小野马(或译:约瑟像泉水旁的树,像多结果子的树枝爬在墙上)。 【KJV】Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall: 【NIV】Joseph is a fruitful vine, a fruitful vine near a spring, whose branches climb over a wall. 【BBE】Joseph is a young ox, whose steps are turned to the fountain; 【ASV】Joseph is a fruitful bough, A fruitful bough by a fountain; His branches run over the wall. 【本会注释】 约瑟。雅各对于两个妾所生的四个儿子的祝福非常的简短,而且他的部分预言就象这些支派后来的历史一样含糊不清。而对其所心爱的拉结所生之长子的祝福却截然不同。先祖的心此时充满了感恩的爱,并以最富于表情的话语和比喻为约瑟恳求了无限的祝福。 | |||
| 23 |
【和合本】弓箭手将他苦害,向他射箭,逼迫他。
【吕振中】弓箭手苦害他,向他射箭,怀恨逼迫他。 【思高本】弓手令他苦恼,向他射击,与他对敌; 【现代本】敌人猛烈攻击他,以弓,以箭追赶他。 【KJV】The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him: 【NIV】With bitterness archers attacked him; they shot at him with hostility. 【BBE】He was troubled by the archers; they sent out their arrows against him, cruelly wounding him: 【ASV】The archers have sorely grieved him, And shot at him, and persecute him: 【本会注释】 弓箭手。雅各从果树的明喻接着转到一个战争的比喻,描述了约瑟支派战胜其所有的仇敌。这是预言现在时的一个实例,论述未来的事件如同已经在应验的过程之中。这些话不应被用来指约瑟在埃及的任何战争行为,而可能是以不直接得罪他兄弟而又为他们所领会的话语暗示约瑟在他们手中,以及他为奴和被监禁之年日所遭受的逼迫。 | |||
| 24 |
【和合本】但他的弓仍旧坚硬;他的手健壮敏捷。这是因以色列的牧者,以色列的磐石,就是雅各的大能者。
【吕振中】但他的弓仍然坚硬;他的手臂强健敏捷,这是因着雅各之大能者的手;[以色列的牧者、以色列的石头是从那里而出的(有古卷∶因着以色列的牧者、以色列的石头的名),] 【思高本】但他的弓仍旧有力,他的手臂依然灵活;这是因了雅各伯的大能者之手,因了以色列的牧者和磐石之名; 【现代本】但是依靠雅各大能的上帝,他的弓仍然坚硬;依靠牧人──以色列的保护者,他的手臂仍然有力(或译:敌人的弓被折断;敌人的手臂被撕裂)。 【KJV】But his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel:) 【NIV】But his bow remained steady, his strong arms stayed limber, because of the hand of the Mighty One of Jacob, because of the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel, 【BBE】But their bows were broken by a strong one, and the cords of their arms were cut by the Strength of Jacob, by the name of the Stone of Israel: 【ASV】But his bow abode in strength, And the arms of his hands were made strong, By the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob, (From thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel), 【本会注释】 雅各的大能者。如果最后的这句话象英文KJV版中所做的那样被当作一个插入语的话,这可能是指从约瑟被提升时起,他便成了以色列的牧者和磐石,也可能是指约瑟从雅各的大能者上帝那里获得了力量得以成为如此。他以此资格得以成为好牧人的一个预表。这好牧人就是那将成为教会根基的磐石。但如果“以色列的牧者和磐石”这句话与前面的话语是并列的话,那么这指的就是上帝本身。这样,这句话所表达的意思就是约瑟的手被那作为以色列的牧者和磐石的上帝所坚固(见申32:4)。希伯来原文允许第二种解释的使用,而且这种解释似乎要比第一种更为可取。 | |||
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【和合本】你父亲的上帝必帮助你;那全能者必将天上所有的福,地里所藏的福,以及生产乳养的福,都赐给你。
【吕振中】因着你父亲的上帝──他必帮助你,因着全能的上帝──他必赐福与你∶必将上面来的天福,将伏于地底下的渊泉之福,将胸哺胎生之福、都赐给你。 【思高本】这是因为你父亲的天主扶助了你,全能者天主,以天上高处的祝福,以地下深渊蕴藏的祝福,以哺乳和生育的祝福,祝福了你。 【现代本】是你父亲的上帝帮助你,全能者上帝赐福给你。他赐给你天上的甘霖、地下的泉水,牛马成群,子孙众多。 【KJV】Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lieth under, blessings of the breasts, and of the womb: 【NIV】because of your father's God, who helps you, because of the Almighty, who blesses you with blessings of the heavens above, blessings of the deep that lies below, blessings of the breast and womb. 【BBE】Even by the God of your father, who will be your help, and by the Ruler of all, who will make you full with blessings from heaven on high, blessings of the deep stretched out under the earth, blessings of the breasts and of the fertile body: 【ASV】Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee, And by the Almighty, who shall bless thee, With blessings of heaven above, Blessings of the deep that coucheth beneath, Blessings of the breasts, and of the womb. | |||
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【和合本】你父亲所祝的福,胜过我祖先所祝的福,如永世的山岭,至极的边界;这些福必降在约瑟的头上,临列那与弟兄迥别之人的顶上。
【吕振中】你父亲所祝的福大有能力,胜过远古之山,所施的福、和永远之冈陵可爱之物∶愿这些福降到约瑟头上,到那在弟兄中做王子者(或译∶迥别之人)的头顶上。 【思高本】你父亲的祝福,远超过古山岳的祝福,永远丘陵的愿望;愿这些祝福都降在若瑟头上,降在他兄弟中被选者的额上。 【现代本】他使你五谷丰收,鲜花常开;有亘古的山冈、永在的峻岭。愿这一切福泽降在约瑟头上,降在兄弟中最卓越的那一位身上。 【KJV】The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren. 【NIV】Your father's blessings are greater than the blessings of the ancient mountains, than the bounty of the age-old hills. Let all these rest on the head of Joseph, on the brow of the prince among his brothers. 【BBE】Blessings of sons, old and young, to the father: blessings of the oldest mountains and the fruit of the eternal hills: let them come on the head of Joseph, on the crown of him who was separate from his brothers. 【ASV】The blessings of thy father Have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors Unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: They shall be on the head of Joseph, And on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren. 【本会注释】 你父亲所祝的福。先祖为约瑟所恳求的祝福要比其父母授予他的祝福还要多。约瑟称为“与弟兄迥别之人”,直译为“被分别之人”,拿细耳(nazir)。约瑟在这里和申33:16节中被如此称呼,是因为他在异教的埃及保持了他的德行与敬虔。 | |||
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【和合本】便雅悯是个撕掠的狼,早晨要吃他所抓的,晚上要分他所夺的。”
【吕振中】便雅悯是肆行抓掠的豺狼,早晨吃所掠夺的,晚上分所掳获的。” 【思高本】本雅明是只掠夺的豺狼:早上吞食猎物,晚上分赃。” 【现代本】便雅悯像凶猛的豺狼。他清晨吞食猎物,晚间瓜分掠夺品。” 【KJV】Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf: in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil. 【NIV】Benjamin is a ravenous wolf; in the morning he devours the prey, in the evening he divides the plunder." 【BBE】Benjamin is a wolf, searching for meat: in the morning he takes his food, and in the evening he makes division of what he has taken. 【ASV】Benjamin is a wolf that raveneth: In the morning she shall devour the prey, And at even he shall divide the spoil. 【本会注释】 便雅悯。临终的父亲好战的品格在这里被归于了他最小的儿子。这一品格后来在其后代的身上表现了出来。这可以从此支派与所有支派兴起的战争中看出来,这是一场因他们自己在基比亚的罪恶而引起的战争(士20,21)。这也可以从其他的大事中看出来(士5:14)。便雅悯人是杰出的弓箭手和甩石手(士20:16;代上8:40;12:2;代下14:8;17:17)。而且,从便雅悯支派中出来了英勇的士师以笏(士3:15)以及扫罗王和他英勇善战的儿子约拿单(撒上11,13;撒下1:19-27)。 | |||
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【和合本】这一切是以色列的十二支派;这也是他们的父亲对他们所说的话,为他们所祝的福,都是按着各人的福分为他们祝福。
【吕振中】这一切是以色列的族派,一共十二个;这也是他们父亲对他们所说的话,给他们所祝的福∶他是按着各人的福分给他们祝福的。 【思高本】以上是以色列十二支派,以及他们的父亲对他们所说的话。他祝福了他们,以适合每人的祝福,祝福了他们。 【现代本】以上是以色列十二支族之父临终时对每一个儿子所说的话;他用合适的话祝福每一个儿子。 【KJV】All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them. 【NIV】All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father said to them when he blessed them, giving each the blessing appropriate to him. 【BBE】These are the twelve tribes of Israel: and these are the words their father said to them, blessing them; to every one he gave his blessing. 【ASV】All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them. 【本会注释】 十二支派。雅各祝福了以十二个儿子的名字命名的未来的各支派。没有一人例外,就连流便、西缅、和利未也得到了祝福。他们的地位虽因严重的个人错误而被降低,但每个人都在被应许的祝福中得到了一份祝福。 | |||
雅各的死和埋葬 | ||||
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【和合本】他又嘱咐他们说:“我将要归到我列祖(原文作本民)那里,你们要将我葬在赫人以弗仑田间的洞里,与我祖我父在一处,
【吕振中】他又嘱咐他们说∶“我将要被收殓归我先族人了;你们要将我埋葬在赫人以弗崙田地间的洞里,和我祖我父在一处, 【思高本】以后雅各伯又嘱咐他们,对他们说:“我快要归到我亲族那去,你们应将我葬在赫特人厄斐龙田的山洞,与我的祖先在一起。 【现代本】雅各吩咐他儿子们:“我快要死了;你们要把我跟我祖先葬在一起,就是在赫人以弗仑田间的一个洞里。 【KJV】And he charged them, and said unto them, I am to be gathered unto my people: bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, 【NIV】Then he gave them these instructions: "I am about to be gathered to my people. Bury me with my fathers in the cave in the field of Ephron the Hittite, 【BBE】And he gave orders to them, saying, Put me to rest with my people and with my fathers, in the hollow of the rock in the field of Ephron the Hittite, 【ASV】And he charged them, and said unto them, I am to be gathered unto my people: bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, 【本会注释】 归到我本民。见对创15:15节的注释。 将我葬在。约瑟早已向他的父亲发誓应许要实现这一愿望。雅各再次在他的众子面前提到这一愿望作为一种邀请,邀请他们也参与这一安葬的仪式。 | |||
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【和合本】就是在迦南地幔利前、麦比拉田间的洞;那洞和田是亚伯拉罕向赫人以弗仑买来为业,作坟地的。
【吕振中】就是在迦南地、幔利东面、麦比拉田地间的洞。那洞和田地是亚伯拉罕向赫人以弗崙买来做业产为坟地的。 【思高本】这山洞是在客纳罕地,面对玛默勒的玛革培拉的田内;这块田原是亚巴郎由赫特人厄斐龙买了来作为私有坟地, 【现代本】这个洞在迦南,在幔利东边的麦比拉,是亚伯拉罕向赫人以弗仑买下来作坟地的。 【KJV】In the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field of Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a buryingplace. 【NIV】the cave in the field of Machpelah, near Mamre in Canaan, which Abraham bought as a burial place from Ephron the Hittite, along with the field. 【BBE】In the rock in the field of Machpelah, near Mamre in the land of Canaan, which Abraham got from Ephron the Hittite, to be his resting-place. 【ASV】in the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a burying-place. | |||
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【和合本】他们在那里葬了亚伯拉罕和他妻子撒拉,又在那里葬了以撒和他的妻子利百加;我也在那里葬了利亚。
【吕振中】他们埋葬了亚伯拉罕和他的妻子撒拉、就是在那里;埋葬了以撒和他的妻子利百加、是在那里;我埋葬了利亚、也是在那里。 【思高本】在那葬了亚巴郎和他的妻子撒辣,在那葬了依撒格和他的妻子黎贝加;我也在那葬了肋阿。 【现代本】亚伯拉罕和他的妻子莎拉葬在那里;以撒和他的妻子利百加也葬在那里;我也把利亚葬在那里。 【KJV】There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried Leah. 【NIV】There Abraham and his wife Sarah were buried, there Isaac and his wife Rebekah were buried, and there I buried Leah. 【BBE】There Abraham and Sarah his wife were put to rest, and there they put Isaac and Rebekah his wife, and there I put Leah to rest. 【ASV】there they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried Leah: | |||
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【和合本】那块田和田间的洞原是向赫人买的。”
【吕振中】那块田地和田地间的洞、是向赫人买的。” 【思高本】这块田地和其中的山洞是由赫特人买来的。” 【现代本】这块土地和洞穴是从赫人买过来的;你们要把我葬在那里。” 【KJV】The purchase of the field and of the cave that is therein was from the children of Heth. 【NIV】The field and the cave in it were bought from the Hittites." 【BBE】In the rock in the field which was got for a price from the people of Heth. 【ASV】the field and the cave that is therein, which was purchased from the children of Heth. | |||
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【和合本】雅各嘱咐众子已毕,就把脚收在床上,气绝而死,归到列祖(原文作本民)那里去了。
【吕振中】雅各对他的众子吩咐完了,就把脚收在床上,气绝而死,被收殓归他先族人。 【思高本】雅各伯给他的儿子们立完遗嘱以后,便将脚缩到床上,断气而死,归到他亲族那去了。 【现代本】雅各交代他儿子们这些话后,就躺下,气断而死。 【KJV】And when Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people. 【NIV】When Jacob had finished giving instructions to his sons, he drew his feet up into the bed, breathed his last and was gathered to his people. 【BBE】And when Jacob had come to the end of these words to his sons, stretching himself on his bed, he gave up his spirit, and went the way of his people. 【ASV】And when Jacob made an end of charging his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people. 【本会注释】 就把脚收在床上。雅各此时躺下,因为他在祝福他儿子的时候一直是坐着的,安详地去世了。关于对死诗歌性的委婉语,见对创15:15和创25:8节的注释。雅各去世时的寿数被记载在创47:28节中,是一百四十七岁。 | |||
怀爱伦的注释 1-33《祖知》第235-238页 | ||||